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Washington, 15 feb (PL) Un programa para detectar ruinas mayas, ocultas por el tupido follaje de los bosques de Centroamérica, será puesto en marcha por la Administración Nacional de Aeronáutica y el Espacio (NASA), según anunció hoy.
Sensores remotos desde aviones y equipos espaciales tratarán de detectar las características químicas de los materiales de construcción usados por los mayas, comunicó la agencia estadounidense.
Tom Server, uno de los responsables del estudio, explicó que con excepción de las cúpulas de muchas edificaciones mayas, el resto está oculto entre los árboles.
También desde el suelo, el intenso follaje puede mantener fuera de la vista de los arqueólogos objetos que se encuentran distantes solo unos pocos metros, indicó el experto, uno de los primeros en utilizar aparatos espaciales en la arqueología.
"Los exploradores pueden pasar al lado de una ciudad antigua, donde alguna vez vivieron miles de personas, sin siquiera darse cuenta", manifestó.
El científico desarrollará la investigación junto con Dan Irwin, de la NASA, y William Saturno, de la Universidad de New Hampshire y descubridor del más antiguo mural maya conocido en las ruinas de San Bartolo.
Los científicos entregaron a Saturno imágenes de alta resolución fotografiadas por satélites comerciales e información obtenida por un sistema llamado Airborne Synthetic Apertura Radar, equipo que llevan aviones de la NASA en misiones meteorológicas.
Estos datos ayudaron a Saturno a encontrar en el 2001 el principio del antiguo mural maya de más de dos mil años, que el arqueólogo comparó con la Capilla Sextina, una vez develado en su totalidad.
Los científicos explicaron que el uso de programas meteorológicos tiene entre sus propósitos descubrir las causas de la desaparición de la civilización maya.
Expertos sugieren que fenómenos extremos, como prolongadas sequías o la deforestación precipitaron su final.
En la actualidad el mundo lucha contra los efectos de la sequía, por lo que conocer "el sufrimiento de los mayas", puede ser útil para evitar que tengamos el mismo final, dijo Irwin.
"Estudios como los que estamos llevando adelante hacen mucho más que satisfacer nuestra curiosidad sobre el pasado, ellos nos ayudan a prepararnos para el futuro", indicó Sever, por su parte.
Fuente: Prensa Latina, rc/mor. 16 de febrero de 2006
Enlace: http://www.prensa-latina.cu/article.asp?ID=%7bCFFA1D62-3CF6-4F06-92EB-676B29E1F52F%7d&language=ES
(2) NASA, UNH Scientists Uncover Lost Maya Ruins – from Space
Newswise — Remains of the ancient Maya culture, mysteriously destroyed at the height of its reign in the ninth century, have been hidden in the rainforests of Central America for more than 1,000 years. Now, NASA and University of New Hampshire scientists are using space- and aircraft-based "remote-sensing" technology to uncover those ruins, using the chemical signature of the civilization's ancient building materials.
NASA archaeologist Tom Sever and scientist Dan Irwin, both from NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala., are teaming with William Saturno, an archaeologist at the University of New Hampshire, to locate the ruins of the ancient culture. Saturno discovered the oldest known intact Maya mural at the site in 2001.
“From the air, everything but the tops of very few surviving pyramids are hidden by the tree canopy," said Sever, widely recognized for two decades as a pioneer in the use of aerospace remote-sensing for archaeology. "On the ground, the 60- to 100-foot trees and dense undergrowth can obscure objects as close as 10 feet away. Explorers can stumble right through an ancient city that once housed thousands – and never even realize it.”
Sever has explored the capacity of remote sensing technology and the science of collecting information about the Earth’s surface using aerial or space-based photography to serve archeology. He and Irwin provided Saturno with high-resolution commercial satellite images of the rainforest, and collected data from NASA’s Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar, an instrument flown aboard a high-altitude weather plane, capable of penetrating clouds, snow and forest canopies.
These resulting Earth observations have helped the team survey an uncharted region around San Bartolo, Guatemala. They discovered a correlation between the color and reflectivity of the vegetation seen in the images – their "signature," which is captured by instruments measuring light in the visible and near-infrared spectrums – and the location of known archaeological sites.
In 2004, the team ground-tested the data. Hiking deep into the jungle to locations guided by the satellite images, they uncovered a series of Maya settlements exactly where the technology had predicted they would be found. Integrating cutting-edge remote sensing technology as a vital research tool enabled the scientists to expand their study of the jungle.
The cause of the floral discoloration discerned in the imagery quickly became clear to the team. The Maya built their cities and towns with excavated limestone and lime plasters. As these structures crumbled, the lack of moisture and nutritional elements inside the ruins kept some plant species at bay, while others were discolored or killed off altogether as disintegrating plaster changed the chemical content of the soil around each structure.
"Over the centuries, the changes became dramatic," Saturno said. "This pattern of small details, impossible to see from the forest floor or low-altitude planes, turned out to be a virtual roadmap to ancient Maya sites when seen from space."
Under a NASA Space Act Agreement with the University of New Hampshire, the science team will visit Guatemala annually through 2009, with the support of the Guatemalan Institute of Anthropology and History and the Department of Pre-Hispanic Monuments. The team will verify their research and continue refining their remote sensing tools to more easily lead explorers to other ancient ruins and conduct Earth science research in the region.
"Studies such as these do more than fulfill our curiosity about the past," Sever said. "They help us prepare for our own future."
Scientists believe the Maya fell prey to a number of cataclysmic environmental problems, including deforestation and drought, which led to their downfall, Irwin said. "The world continues to battle the devastating effects of drought today, from the arid plains of Africa to the southern United States," he said. "The more we know about the plight of the Maya, the better our chances of avoiding something similar."
Another aspect of the research involved using climate models to determine the effects of Maya-driven deforestation on ancient Mesoamerican climate. The goal of this effort was to determine whether deforestation can lead to droughts and if the activities of the ancient Maya drove the environmental changes that undermined their civilization.
Extending benefits of remote-sensing technologies is part of NASA’s Earth-Sun System Division. NASA is conducting a long-term research effort to learn how natural and human-induced changes affect the global environment, and to provide critical benefits to society today.
Sever and Irwin conduct research at National Space Science and Technology Center in Huntsville, a joint science venture between NASA’s Marshall Center, Alabama universities, industry and federal agencies. For more information about its work, visit: http://www.nsstc.nasa.gov
Fuente: http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/518073/?sc=rssn
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<div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><STRONG>Washington, 15 feb (PL) Un programa para detectar ruinas mayas, ocultas por el tupido follaje de los bosques de Centroamérica, será puesto en marcha por la Administración Nacional de Aeronáutica y el Espacio (NASA), según anunció hoy.<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></STRONG></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Sensores remotos desde aviones y equipos espaciales tratarán de detectar las características químicas de los materiales de construcción usados por los mayas, comunicó la agencia estadounidense.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY:
Verdana"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Tom Server, uno de los responsables del estudio, explicó que con excepción de las cúpulas de muchas edificaciones mayas, el resto está oculto entre los árboles.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">También desde el suelo, el intenso follaje puede mantener fuera de la vista de los arqueólogos objetos que se encuentran distantes solo unos pocos metros, indicó el experto, uno de los primeros en utilizar aparatos espaciales en la arqueología.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal
style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">"Los exploradores pueden pasar al lado de una ciudad antigua, donde alguna vez vivieron miles de personas, sin siquiera darse cuenta", manifestó.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">El científico desarrollará la investigación junto con Dan Irwin, de la NASA, y William Saturno, de la Universidad de New Hampshire y descubridor del más antiguo mural maya conocido en las ruinas de San Bartolo.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Los científicos entregaron a Saturno
imágenes de alta resolución fotografiadas por satélites comerciales e información obtenida por un sistema llamado Airborne Synthetic Apertura Radar, equipo que llevan aviones de la NASA en misiones meteorológicas.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Estos datos ayudaron a Saturno a encontrar en el 2001 el principio del antiguo mural maya de más de dos mil años, que el arqueólogo comparó con la Capilla Sextina, una vez develado en su totalidad.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Los científicos explicaron que el uso de programas meteorológicos
tiene entre sus propósitos descubrir las causas de la desaparición de la civilización maya.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Expertos sugieren que fenómenos extremos, como prolongadas sequías o la deforestación precipitaron su final.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">En la actualidad el mundo lucha contra los efectos de la sequía, por lo que conocer "el sufrimiento de los mayas", puede ser útil para evitar que tengamos el mismo final, dijo Irwin.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">"Estudios como los que estamos llevando adelante hacen mucho más que satisfacer nuestra curiosidad sobre el pasado, ellos nos ayudan a prepararnos para el futuro", indicó Sever, por su parte.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Fuente: Prensa Latina, rc/mor. 16 de febrero de 2006<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Enlace: <A
href="http://www.prensa-latina.cu/article.asp?ID=%7bCFFA1D62-3CF6-4F06-92EB-676B29E1F52F%7d&language=ES">http://www.prensa-latina.cu/article.asp?ID=%7bCFFA1D62-3CF6-4F06-92EB-676B29E1F52F%7d&language=ES</A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">(2) <STRONG>NASA, UNH Scientists Uncover Lost Maya Ruins – from Space<o:p></o:p></STRONG></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div
class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Newswise — Remains of the ancient Maya culture, mysteriously destroyed at the height of its reign in the ninth century, have been hidden in the rainforests of Central America for more than 1,000 years. Now, NASA and </SPAN><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:place><st1:PlaceType><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">University</SPAN></st1:PlaceType><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"> of </SPAN><st1:PlaceName><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">New Hampshire</SPAN></st1:PlaceName></st1:place><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"> scientists are using space- and aircraft-based "remote-sensing"
technology to uncover those ruins, using the chemical signature of the civilization's ancient building materials.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">NASA archaeologist Tom Sever and scientist Dan Irwin, both from NASA's </SPAN><st1:place><st1:PlaceName><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Marshall</SPAN></st1:PlaceName><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN><st1:PlaceName><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Space</SPAN></st1:PlaceName><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">
</SPAN><st1:PlaceName><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Flight</SPAN></st1:PlaceName><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN><st1:PlaceType><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Center</SPAN></st1:PlaceType></st1:place><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"> in </SPAN><st1:place><st1:City><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Huntsville</SPAN></st1:City><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">, </SPAN><st1:State><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Ala.</SPAN></st1:State></st1:place><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">, are teaming with William Saturno, an archaeologist at
the </SPAN><st1:place><st1:PlaceType><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">University</SPAN></st1:PlaceType><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"> of </SPAN><st1:PlaceName><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">New Hampshire</SPAN></st1:PlaceName></st1:place><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">, to locate the ruins of the ancient culture. Saturno discovered the oldest known intact Maya mural at the site in 2001.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">“From the air, everything but the tops of
very few surviving pyramids are hidden by the tree canopy," said Sever, widely recognized for two decades as a pioneer in the use of aerospace remote-sensing for archaeology. "On the ground, the 60- to 100-foot trees and dense undergrowth can obscure objects as close as 10 feet away. Explorers can stumble right through an ancient city that once housed thousands – and never even realize it.”<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Sever has explored the capacity of remote sensing technology and the science of collecting information about the Earth’s surface using aerial or space-based photography to serve archeology. He and Irwin provided Saturno with high-resolution commercial satellite images
of the rainforest, and collected data from NASA’s Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar, an instrument flown aboard a high-altitude weather plane, capable of penetrating clouds, snow and forest canopies. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">These resulting Earth observations have helped the team survey an uncharted region around </SPAN><st1:place><st1:City><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">San Bartolo</SPAN></st1:City><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">, </SPAN><st1:country-region><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB">Guatemala</SPAN></st1:country-region></st1:place><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">. They discovered a correlation between the color and reflectivity of the vegetation seen in the images – their "signature," which is captured by instruments measuring light in the visible and near-infrared spectrums – and the location of known archaeological sites.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">In 2004, the team ground-tested the data. Hiking deep into the jungle to locations guided by the satellite images, they uncovered a series of Maya settlements exactly where the technology had predicted they would be found. Integrating cutting-edge
remote sensing technology as a vital research tool enabled the scientists to expand their study of the jungle.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">The cause of the floral discoloration discerned in the imagery quickly became clear to the team. The Maya built their cities and towns with excavated limestone and lime plasters. As these structures crumbled, the lack of moisture and nutritional elements inside the ruins kept some plant species at bay, while others were discolored or killed off altogether as disintegrating plaster changed the chemical content of the soil around each structure.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">"Over the centuries, the changes became dramatic," Saturno said. "This pattern of small details, impossible to see from the forest floor or low-altitude planes, turned out to be a virtual roadmap to ancient Maya sites when seen from space."<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Under a NASA Space Act Agreement with the </SPAN><st1:place><st1:PlaceType><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language:
EN-GB">University</SPAN></st1:PlaceType><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"> of </SPAN><st1:PlaceName><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">New Hampshire</SPAN></st1:PlaceName></st1:place><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">, the science team will visit </SPAN><st1:country-region><st1:place><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Guatemala</SPAN></st1:place></st1:country-region><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"> annually through 2009, with the support of the Guatemalan Institute of Anthropology and History and the Department of Pre-Hispanic Monuments. The team will verify their research and continue refining their remote sensing tools to more easily lead explorers to other ancient ruins and conduct Earth science research in
the region.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">"Studies such as these do more than fulfill our curiosity about the past," Sever said. "They help us prepare for our own future."<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Scientists believe the Maya fell prey to a number of cataclysmic environmental problems, including deforestation and drought, which led to their downfall, Irwin said. "The world continues
to battle the devastating effects of drought today, from the arid plains of </SPAN><st1:place><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Africa</SPAN></st1:place><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"> to the southern </SPAN><st1:country-region><st1:place><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">United States</SPAN></st1:place></st1:country-region><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">," he said. "The more we know about the plight of the Maya, the better our chances of avoiding something similar."<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY:
Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Another aspect of the research involved using climate models to determine the effects of Maya-driven deforestation on ancient Mesoamerican climate. The goal of this effort was to determine whether deforestation can lead to droughts and if the activities of the ancient Maya drove the environmental changes that undermined their civilization.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Extending benefits of remote-sensing technologies is part of NASA’s Earth-Sun System Division. NASA is conducting a long-term research effort to learn how natural and human-induced changes affect the global environment, and to provide critical benefits to society
today.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Sever and Irwin conduct research at National Space Science and </SPAN><st1:place><st1:PlaceName><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Technology</SPAN></st1:PlaceName><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"> </SPAN><st1:PlaceType><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Center</SPAN></st1:PlaceType></st1:place><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"> in </SPAN><st1:City><st1:place><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;
mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">Huntsville</SPAN></st1:place></st1:City><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB">, a joint science venture between NASA’s Marshall Center, Alabama universities, industry and federal agencies. For more information about its work, visit: http://www.nsstc.nasa.gov<o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN lang=EN-GB style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana">Fuente: <A href="http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/518073/?sc=rssn">http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/518073/?sc=rssn</A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></div> <div class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Verdana"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></div><BR><BR><html>
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Jue, 16 de Feb, 2006 9:43 am
Jose Luis Santos Fernández <terraeantiqvaeblog@...>
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