Arqueólogos peruanos han descubierto la momia mejor preservada de la cultura Moche, la cual está parcialmente cubierta por tatuajes, según un artículo que divulgará el mes próximo la revista 'National Geographic'.
La Sociedad National Geographic indicó en un comunicado que el hallazgo ocurrió el año pasado en un lugar ceremonial llamado 'El Brujo' en la costa norte peruana, cerca de la ciudad de Trujillo.
La momia, que es de una mujer que murió cuando tenía casi 30 años, fue hallada junto al de una adolescente rodeada de ornamentos y joyas de oro, además de armas, como garrotes y lanzaflechas.
Pirámides de adobe
Los garrotes fueron detectados mediante rayos X incluso antes de que se abriera el enorme
envoltorio en el que se encontraba la momia. 'Pude ver a través de los rayos X un pedazo de pelvis y claramente se trataba de una mujer', manifestó el antropólogo John Verano, de la Universidad de Tulane (Luisiana) que participa en el Proyecto Arqueológico El Brujo en colaboración con la Fundación Wiese.
La cultura Moche tuvo su apogeo entre los siglos I y VII d.C. y proliferó en los valles costeros del norte de Perú. Además de construir pirámides de adobe, los moches se especializaron en la cerámica y la artesanía del oro y otros metales.
La National Geographic señaló que el cuerpo momificado de la mujer fue encontrado junto a una pirámide llamada 'Huaca Cao Viejo', un lugar que estuvo abandonado durante varios siglos. Añadió que la sepultura era sagrada y un lugar donde los moches rindieron honores a la mujer mediante libaciones que vertían en un envase instalado sobre su tumba.
'El complejo de Huaca Cao Viejo tiene relieves multicolores que revelan aspectos del mundo religioso de los moches que hasta ahora se conocían a través de la cerámica', señaló el arqueólogo Regulo Franco, de la Fundación Wiese.
'Este extraordinario monumento ayudará a enriquecer el actual conocimiento sobre la vida religiosa de los moches', señaló. egún Verano, el envoltorio de centenares de metros de algodón es un símbolo del alto nivel jerárquico de la mujer en la sociedad moche.
La tela está decorada con grandes bordados y cubierta por una especie de camastro de caña y una almohada. Para estudiar la momia y sacarla de su envoltorio, los arqueólogos tuvieron que sacar primero el esqueleto de la niña que estaba a su lado.
'Había una cuerda atada a su cuello. Esa niña había sido estrangulada', dijo Verano al indicar que había sido un sacrificio ceremonial, un acto común en las culturas andinas. Finalmente, cuando los arqueólogos lograron poner al descubierto el cuerpo de la momia encontraron que su piel estaba virtualmente intacta.
El cuerpo se había momificado rápidamente debido a que el lugar estaba protegido de la lluvia. Los brazos y otras partes del cuerpo de la mujer estaban cubiertos por complejos tatuajes
y cicatrices óseas revelaron que había dado a luz al menos una vez.
La presencia de artesanía del oro y de otras joyas, junto a armas de guerra, ha planteado un misterio para los arqueólogos, especialmente por el hecho de que la momia es de una mujer.
'Tal vez fue una guerrera, o quizás los garrotes y los lanzaflechas eran símbolos de poder que fueron ofrendas funerarias', indicó Verano.
El arqueólogo señaló que hasta ahora se han descubierto miles de tumbas moches en el norte peruano.
Sin embargo, esta es la primera vez que se identifica la momia de lo que pudo haber sido una mujer guerrera.
Fuente: Terra Actualidad – EFE, 17 de mayo de
2006
***Reportaje Fotográfico:
Photo shows the tattooed hand of a mummy from the ancient Peruvian Moche culture that was discovered at pyramid Huaca Cao Viejo, located at a ceremonial site called El Brujo (the Wizard) in Trujillo, May 12, 2006. The elaborately wrapped mummy,a young woman who died in her late 20s and believed to have been a member of the Moche elite, is dated to around A.D. 450, according to Peruvian archaeologists. The site of Huaca Cao Viejo was opened for visitors after the Wiese Foundation/INC restored and covered the site. PICTURE TAKEN MAY 12, 2006. REUTERS/Mariana Bazo
This photo provided by the National Geographic Society shows Dr. Hector Calvo, second from left, of the Peruano Americano Hospital in
Trujillo, Peru, uses an endoscope to examine inside the Moche mummy, as John Verano of Tulane University, right, and other research team members assist. Verano's research is supported by National Geographic. Verano works with the Wiese Foundation on his research and is supported by National Geographic. (AP Photo/Ira Block, National Geographic)
This photo provided by the National Geographic Society shows a golden bowl over her face and beads spilling from long-disintegrated necklaces of a Moche elite woman with skin intact lying in her grave bundle in Peru. Originally wrapped in an enormous mummy bundle, the young woman was found with ceremonial war clubs and 23 spear
throwers, leading archaeologists to wonder if she had been a ruler - the first known female ruler from the Moche culture. Research on the mummy is conducted by the Wiese Foundation with the co-direction of Peru's National Institute of Culture. (AP Photo/Ira Block, National Geographic)
Photo shows the copper bundle of a mummy from the ancient Moche culture that was discovered at the pyramid Huaca Cao Viejo, located at a ceremonial site called El Brujo (the Wizard) in Trujillo, August 13, 2005. The elaborately wrapped mummy,a young woman who died in her late 20s and believed to have been a member of the Moche elite, is dated to around A.D. 450, according to Peruvian archaeologists. The site of Huaca Cao Viejo was opened for visitors after the Wiese Foundation/INC restored and covered the site. PICTURE TAKEN AUGUST 13, 2005. EDITORIAL USE ONLY REUTERS/Wiese
Foundation/Handout
A Peruvian archaeologist inspects a mummy from the ancient Moche culture, part of it covered with tattoos, that was discovered at the pyramid Huaca Cao Viejo, located at a ceremonial site called El Brujo (the Wizard) in Trujillo, May 12, 2006. The elaborately wrapped mummy,a young woman who died in her late 20s and believed to have been a member of the Moche elite, is dated to around A.D. 450, according to Peruvian archaeologists. The site of Huaca Cao Viejo was opened for visitors after the Wiese Foundation/INC restored and covered the site. PICTURE TAKEN MAY 12, 2006. REUTERS/Mariana Bazo
A Peruvian actress (C) impersonates ancient Moche female warrior 'Lady of Cao', whose mummified remains
were recently found at the pyramid Huaca Cao Viejo, during the opening to the public of the restored ceremonial site called El Brujo (the Wizard) in Trujillo, May 12, 2006. The elaborately wrapped mummy,a young woman who died in her late 20s and believed to have been a member of the Moche elite, is dated to around A.D. 450, according to Peruvian archaeologists. The site of Huaca Cao Viejo was opened for visitors after the Wiese Foundation/INC restored and covered the site. PICTURE TAKEN MAY 12, 2006. REUTERS/Mariana Bazo
Peruvian archaeologist inspects the tattooed arm of a mummy from the ancient Moche culture that was discovered at the pyramid Huaca Cao Viejo, located at a ceremonial site called El Brujo (the Wizard) in Trujillo, May 12, 2006. The elaborately wrapped mummy,a young woman who died in her late 20s and believed to have been a member of the Moche
elite, is dated to around A.D. 450, according to Peruvian archaeologists. The site of Huaca Cao Viejo was opened for visitors after the Wiese Foundation/INC restored and covered the site. PICTURE TAKEN MAY 12, 2006. REUTERS/Mariana Bazo
Photo shows the face of a mummy from the ancient Moche culture, that was discovered at the pyramid Huaca Cao Viejo, located at a ceremonial site called El Brujo (the Wizard) in Trujillo, May 12, 2006. The elaborately wrapped mummy,a young woman who died in her late 20s and believed to have been a member of the Moche elite, is dated to around A.D. 450, according to Peruvian archaeologists. The site of Huaca Cao Viejo was opened for visitors after the Wiese Foundation/INC restored and covered the site. PICTURE TAKEN MAY 12, 2006. REUTERS/Mariana Bazo
A grave with the bundle of an ancient Moche culture mummy is discovered at the pyramid Huaca Cao Viejo, located at a ceremonial site called El Brujo (the Wizard) in Trujillo, July 2005. The elaborately wrapped mummy,a young woman who died in her late 20s and believed to have been a member of the Moche elite, is dated to around A.D. 450, according to Peruvian archaeologists. The site of Huaca Cao Viejo was opened for visitors after the Wiese Foundation/INC restored and covered the site. PICTURE TAKEN JULY 2005. BEST QUALITY AVAILABLE EDITORIAL USE ONLY REUTERS/Wiese Foundation/Handout
Peruvian archaeologists unwrap the bundle of a mummy from the ancient Moche culture that was discovered at the pyramid Huaca Cao Viejo, located at a ceremonial site called El Brujo (the Wizard) in Trujillo, July 25, 2005. The elaborately wrapped mummy, a young
woman who died in her late 20s and believed to have been a member of the Moche elite, is dated to around A.D. 450, according to Peruvian archaeologists. The site of Huaca Cao Viejo was opened for visitors after the Wiese Foundation/INC restored and covered the site. PICTURE TAKEN JULY 25, 2005. EDITORIAL USE ONLY REUTERS/Wiese Foundation/Handout
An idol made of wood, copper and gold is found at the grave of an ancient Moche culture mummy at the pyramid Huaca Cao Viejo, located at a ceremonial site called El Brujo (the Wizard) in Trujillo, July 2005. The elaborately wrapped mummy ,a young woman who died in her late 20s and believed to have been a member of the Moche elite, is dated to around A.D. 450, according to Peruvian archaeologists. The site of Huaca Cao Viejo was opened for visitors after the Wiese Foundation/INC restored and covered the site.
Photo taken July 2005 EDITORIAL USE ONLY REUTERS/Wiese Foundation/Handout
Dr. Hector Calvo (2L) of the Peruano Americano Hospital in Trujillo, Peru, uses an endoscope to examine inside the Moche mummy with assistance from John Verano of Tulane University (R) and other research team members 11 November 2005 in Magdalena de Cao, Peru.(AFP/National Geographic /Ira Block)
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